Antibiotics inhibit the synthesis of cell walls

The cell wall of bacteria is mainly composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids, which have important functions in maintaining morphology and resisting changes in osmotic pressure.  Therefore, inhibiting the synthesis of cell walls can lead to bacterial cell rupture and death; And mammalian cells are not affected by these drugs because they do not have cell walls. The achievement of this effect depends on a protein in the bacterial cell wall, commonly known as penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). β - lactam antibiotics can bind to this protein to inhibit cell wall synthesis, making PBPs a target of these drugs. Antibiotics that act in this way include penicillins and cephalosporins, but frequent use can lead to increased bacterial resistance.